Can cell phones cause cancer? :: essays research papers

Technology has always made an impact on our society. Over the last few decades, there have been many inventions that have changed our lifestyles. Cellular Telephony has, by all accounts, modified how we interact with others; but at what cost? Are there health issues associated with this technology? More explicitly can cell phones cause cancer? This question is the basis of this review. The researcher has compiled articles that cover this topic from diverse scholarly sources, and diverse countries. It is undeniable that cellular technology has become main stream. â€Å"It was estimated that there were 92 million cell phone users in the US, a number growing by one million every month.† (Frumkin, Jacobson, Gansler & Thun 2001). The arrival and widespread use of cell phones has peaked interest of the health effects of radiofrequencies in the human body. Cell phones use radio frequencies to transmit signals. Radio Frequencies (RF) are a form of electrical waves similar to those used in radios, microwaves, radars or satellite stations. They are emitted from a transmitter, and received using an antenna. This telephony technology is restricted geographically to small zones called â€Å"Cells†. Every cell has a base station capable of sending and receiving radio waves. When a call is started a signal leaves the handheld unit headed to the closest base station. This station answers by allocating a specific channel to the unit. When this â€Å"channel† is established, modulated radio frequency signals are both received and transmitted. The head of the user is in the near field of use because the distance from the antenna to the head is a few centimeters. (Blettner & Berg 2000) If the antenna is inside the body of the phone, the exposure to Radio Frequencies is greater. The antenna might be requesting a stronger signal to cont est with the interference of the battery or the actual shell of the phone’s body. The level of RF a person receives is related to many factors, not only the placement of the antenna. Factors that can increase the level of RF are the number of â€Å"cells†, the distance to the â€Å"base station†, or the obstacles between the caller and the station. The number of cell zones depends on the user population. Heavily populated areas have more cells allowing for more telecommunication traffic. Being close to a cell site lowers the power needed to sustain a call, hence reduces the exposure to RF.

Creation vs. Evolution Essay

Many different opinions have been made when it comes to where did humans come from? Who or maybe what created us? We all want to know the answer to both of those questions and I’m here to try to explain it for you. There are two different types of believe systems on where we came from. One is creation where they believe we were created by a greater and smarter being who lives in heaven. Then there are the evolutionists who believe hat we came from atoms that exploded or aliens who created monkeys that evolved into humans. First off the creationists believe that about six thousand years ago God created humans. â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.† Genesis 1:1(NIV) See in the bible it says God created the heavens and the earth. At the time when God created the world He created a man named Adam and a woman named Eve to rule over the garden. The Satan, the deceiver, came into the garden and tricked the woman into sinning. As a cause the man and woman were cast out of the garden and from then on sin has corrupted the world and made it what it is today. Creationists also believe that about four thousand years ago a flood covered the whole earth.† For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and as the waters increased they lifted the ark high above the earth. The waters rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water.† Genesis 7:17-18(NIV). God created a rainbow after the flood as a covenant between Him and us that ne ver again would a flood cover the whole world. Second off evolutionists believe that the world was created by a big bang or some atoms exploding in the atmosphere. So pretty much they’re saying that the world just exploded and here we are today. Newton’s law of motion says, â€Å"Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by force impressed on it.† Which means that if an object is spinning and it gets fit by a strong force than it will wobble out of its original course. What im getting at here is that if you have atoms spinning supper fast and it explodes than the objects that come off of it will be spinning the same way as the original object. So, if that’s so than why are a couple of are planets not spinning the same way as the rest? And so evolutionists are pretty much saying that, In the beginning dust. By: Jason Yendell Recourses: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267227/ EMBO Rep. 2007 December; 8(12): 1107–1109. http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_intro/creationscience.html

What Is a Cumulative Trauma Disorder

A cumulative trauma disorder is a condition where a part of the body is injured by repeatedly overusing or putting stress on that body part. Also known as a repetitive stress injury, cumulative trauma occurs when a body part is pushed to work at a greater level than intended over an extended period of time.   The immediate effect of the action may be relatively minor, but its the repetition that causes the injury, and the build up of trauma, causes the disorder. Cumulative trauma disorders a most common in the bodys joints, and can affect the muscle, bone, tendon or bursa (the fluid cushion) around the joint.   Symptoms of Cumulative Trauma Disorders Usually, these injuries are marked by pain or tingling at the injury site. Sometimes sufferers will have partial or total numbness in the affected area. Absent any of these acute symptoms, a person may notice a reduced range of motion in the affected area. For instance, someone with a cumulative trauma disorder of the wrist or hand may find it difficult to make a fist.   Types of Cumulative Trauma Disorders A common cumulative trauma disorder is carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that causes pinching on a nerve in the wrist. It can be painful and in some cases debilitating. Workers most at risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome usually have jobs that involve constant or repetitive motion using their hands. This includes people who type all day without proper wrist support, construction workers who use small tools, and people who drive all day long. Here are other common cumulative stress disorders:   Tendonitis:  This is a painful condition marked by inflammation and swelling of a tendon,   which are the fibrous bands that connect bones to muscles. Since the body has thousands of tendons, there are many different kinds of tendonitis, usually classified either by body part (such as patellar tendonitis, which affects the patella in the knee)   or by the repetitive action that causes the trauma (like tennis elbow)Shin Splints:  Shin splints are an injury to the front lower leg or more specifically, the shin bone. Theyre usually the result of a repetitive action like long-distance running but can sometimes occur after an acute injury.  Bursitis:  A bursa is a fluid-filled sac located around a joint that reduces friction and eases movement as tendons or muscles pass over bones or skin. When a bursa becomes irritated or inflamed, its a condition known as bursitis. Its most common in the shoulder, knee and hip joints, after repetitive motions like running and reaching. Treatment and Prevention of Cumulative Stress Disorders Most workplaces now offer ergonomic support to help prevent cumulative stress disorders; those who type all day can get wrist rests and keyboards shaped to better support the hands and wrists. And many assembly lines at manufacturing plants have been redesigned to ensure workers performing repetitive motions arent bending or moving into awkward positions that may stress joints.   The treatment for a cumulative stress disorder will vary depending on the location and severity of the injury. For the majority of these injuries, curbing the activity that caused the trauma in the first place helps keep the pain and discomfort in check. This would mean a runner with patellar tendonitis would stop running for a while, for instance.   But in some cases, these injuries require more aggressive treatments, such as cortisone shots, or even surgery to correct the damage done by the repetitive action.